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Palestinians are 'stateless' but united by longing for peace, say historians_我的网站

A |     The Palestinian people make up one of the largest refugee groups in the world, often forced off their land or pushed to flee amid ongoing conflict in the region, according to the United Nations.They are stateless, their identity not defined by specific borders, but rather tied together by a collective longing for a place to call home. Their existence has long been traded and transferred by different ruling powers throughout their history, leaving their fate hanging in the balance.Palestinians are a diverse, multi-religious and multicultural group of roughly 14 million people internationally who trace their roots back to what is now known as the Israeli-Palestinian region of the Middle East.Many of them no longer remain there, spread across the globe. Those who remain in the Palestinian territory of Gaza have been under blockade, with Israel controlling nearly everything that comes in and out of the region, including food, fuel and people, and Egypt controlling Gaza’s southern border.Palestinians have been described as a "young society," with people between 15 and 29 years old comprising 30% of the population, according to the United Nations Population Fund.Amid the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict in the Middle East, Palestinians say they have been "dehumanized" and stereotyped amid the international backlash to Hamas' terrorist actions in Israel.In Gaza, at least 1,799 people have been killed in retaliatory strikes by Israel, with an estimated 7,388 more injured, numbers that are expected to climb. At least 1,300 people have been killed and 3,227 others have been injured in Israel from Hamas attacks.Palestinian historians add that the people's long history of being ignored, attacked and displaced has left many misconceptions about the population unaddressed – something they now hope to remedy."As soon as you identify with them as people – as ordinary human beings – you cannot do to them what's now being done to them right now," said Ussama Makdisi, a history professor at the University of California Berkeley.For example, support for the "Free Palestine" or liberation movement has historically been painted as antisemitic. Palestinian historians say this is another misperception.The fight for liberation, Makdisi said, is about being able to "live with dignity and equality, in a political and social and economic environment where they can thrive like any other people."According to the United Nations, 81% of the population in Gaza lives in poverty, with food insecurity plaguing 63% of Gaza citizens. The unemployment rate is 46.6%, and access to clean water and electricity remains at "crisis" levels of inaccessibility, the U.N. states."Liberation means living with equality, which everybody, I think, once they understand that, most people I would say agree with it,” says Makdisi. “It's exactly what we wish for any people in the world, any people."

'Struggle for liberation'

Despite the difficult circumstances facing Palestinians around the world and in Palestinian territories, they love life, added Yousef Munayyer, a Palestinian-American writer and political analyst."People are looking for ways in the most difficult of moments to celebrate the beauty of life, even under oppression," Munayyer said. "This does not make Palestinians unique. It just makes them as human as everybody else."All of the Palestinian scholars with whom ABC News spoke said the Palestinian passion for fighting to be able to live with dignity has stretched beyond the movement for their own people. Palestinians have been a prominent voice in grassroots activism internationally, including the 2020 anti-racism movement that began in the United States and spread overseas.The young population of Palestinians particularly has moved the needle on their community’s involvement in global social movements, historians say. Nassar believes it’s because younger generations believe their international causes are connected, united in dismantling longstanding systems of oppression.

Palestinian resiliency

The Arabic idea of "sumud," or steadfastness, is a key part of how many Palestinians understand their collective identity, according to Maha Nassar, a history and Islamic studies professor at the University of Arizona. It highlights the near-universal call for liberation, freedom and equality among Palestinians existing in a region under constant conflict – a yearning for peace on Palestinian lands.Sumud can manifest in many ways. It could be as simple as proclaiming one's pride in their Palestinian heritage, or as complicated as grassroots organizing in social movements."Palestinians around the world have taken immense pride and gone to great lengths to ensure that their Palestinian culture and identity is not erased, just because their state does not yet exist," said Nassar.。    本文转自【央视新闻微信公众号】；最近是小学期末考试的日子，一张数学试卷突然火了，网友表示“难出天际，很抽象”。这是咋回事？01语文老师出的数学试卷？中学老师：我都写不完1月9日，广东深圳南山区小学数学期末考试后，前来接孩子的家长都扑了个空。原因是题目过难，四年级数学考试延长20分钟。此次四年级期末数学试卷中，题干阅读量较大。不少网友看了试卷，还以为考的是语文。还有网友试着做了第一道题后表示，光是一个对“四万万”的理解，就已经答得晕头转向。据了解，这个试卷如果加上附加题，总共有36道题目，原定考试时间是90分钟，平均每道题目答题时间是2分30秒。这两分半钟，四年级的学生需要读题、理解、思考、计算、书写。有人提到，由于题目太难，考试后来又加了20分钟，还是没有写完。不少中学数学老师纷纷感慨：“别说小学四年级学生了，我都写不完！”不过，也有网友认为，题目更生活化，更联系实际了，第一次难免有阵痛。02当地教育局回应：顺应课改方向针对网友反映小学数学试卷太难的问题，深圳市南山区教育局工作人员10日回应：为了让学生在考试中适应运用各学科并且解决生活中的问题，这是个循序渐进的过程，相信孩子们以后会适应的，接下来还是会顺应课改方向，体现学科的核心素养。03多位教师表示：不能脱离学生实际水平题目过度复杂化看完这份数学试卷后，国家级骨干教师、中国数学奥林匹克高级教练黄东坡表示，“情境化、跨学科、增加阅读量，这是新中考新高考的新特点，但凡事要有度，否则只有形式而脱离学生的学习实际、能力水平和思维状况”。但不少家长猜测，深圳南山这份试卷是为了适应中高考的改革，毕竟高考数学题阅读量也越来越大。

B | 对此，广州一重点中学数学教师周老师表示，这是对高考数学的误解。

C | “其实早在三年前，高考数学就开始‘瘦身’了。为了适应情景化和生活化，在数学试题里出现两三道贴合生活场景的数学题无可厚非，但不能整张试卷全是这样的题。不管如何变革，数学的本质依旧是追求简约之美，避免过度复杂化。”教育研究学者熊丙奇指出，以推进教育为导向的命题改革，必须坚持两个基本原则，一是难度适中原则，发挥考试的测评作用，二是促进学科素养原则。

D | 就此看，引起舆论关注的深圳南山小学四年级期末数学卷，存在两方面问题：一是试卷题量、难度过大，导致学生在规定考试时间中无法完成答题。

E | 延长20分钟考试时间，表明教育部门、学校已经意识到难度、题量过大。二是命题方向有所“跑偏”。各学科的命题改革，都必须基于培养学生的学科素养，不能把考数学变为考语文，把考语文变为考科技。这张小学数学期末考试试卷你能考多少分？计时开始↓↓↓本文来源：央视新闻微信公众号综合央视网。

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Published on:18:35:17